How does a steam turbine operate?

A steam turbine operates by utilizing high-pressure steam to drive blades that spin a rotor. This design leverages the thermal energy produced by burning fuels (or other heat sources to generate steam) which is then directed onto the blades of the turbine. As the steam expands and moves through the turbine stages, it imparts kinetic energy onto the blades, causing them to rotate. This rotational motion is then transmitted to a generator, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.

In contrast, other options describe different processes or types of energy conversion. Converting chemical energy into mechanical energy typically refers to internal combustion engines rather than steam turbines. Utilizing solar energy pertains to solar power systems, such as photovoltaic cells, which is distinct from steam-driven systems. Transforming hydraulic pressure into rotational force describes hydraulic motors, which use fluids under pressure to generate movement. Each of these processes involves unique principles and technologies that do not apply to the operation of steam turbines.