Define "pressure drop" in a piping system.

Pressure drop in a piping system refers to the loss of pressure experienced by a fluid as it flows through the pipes. This phenomenon occurs due to factors such as friction between the fluid and the walls of the pipes, turbulence caused by changes in flow direction, and any obstructions or fittings within the system that resist flow. As the fluid moves, it loses energy primarily in the form of pressure due to these resistive forces.

Understanding pressure drop is crucial for engineers because it directly affects the efficiency of fluid transport. A significant pressure drop can lead to reduced flow rates, increased energy consumption for pumping, and potential operational issues. By accurately calculating and minimizing pressure drops, engineers can ensure that systems operate smoothly and effectively, maintaining the desired flow rate and system pressure throughout the network.